绿洲开发与绿洲荒漠化研究

Exploitation and Desertification of Oasis——take the Sangong River Basin as a case

本文着重讨论了绿洲开发和绿洲内存在的各种荒漠化形式后 ,探讨了绿洲荒漠化的成因以及荒漠化对绿洲生态系统的影响 ,得出 :绿洲荒漠化主要是由于人类不合理的开发引起的 ;荒漠化严重危及绿洲系统的正常运作 ;最后 ,就绿洲景观生态安全格局给出适当的设计 ,希望绿洲内部的人类活动能以保护生态平衡为前提 。

Oasis is a patch which has a higher productive capacity of plants comparatively based on desert.Human being can live on it and be engaged in every social economy activities because of it has regular water resources.The oasis ecosystem is a component of desert ecosystem,and it's an important part that can control the structure and function of desert ecosystem,in the meantime,it also is the most susceptible part in arid land.Oasis ecosystem has a marked change for resources exploiting (such as water,land and vegetation etc)by local peoples,and desertification is a universal appearance in oasis ecosystem.In this paper,take the Sangong River Basin as a case,to study the reasons of desertification,the types and the relations between desertification and the developing of oasis.Agriculture which depend on irrigation has changed the situation of land use and regulated the condition of water resources fundamentally,on the one hand it satisfy the need of people on substance,on the other hand,it lead to desertification which take land degeneration and fragility of ecosystem as main change characteristics.After analysis carefully,some useful conclusions were put forward as follow:①Human being activities lead to desertification under the background which is arid land;②Desertification is threatening the security of oasis ecosystem seriously;③The types of desertification are vegetation degeneration ,salinization of soil,wind erosion,and soil pollution.At last,some suggestions are given about how to keep the oasis ecosystem balance and how can utilize the resources of oasis forever