塔里木盆地水面蒸发量的实验研究

An Experimental Research on the Water Surface Evaporation in Tarim River Basin

本文根据阿克苏水平衡站 1 999年至 2 0 0 2年非冻结期 ( 4月至 1 0月 ) 2 0 m2蒸发池水面蒸发量及常规气象观测资料 ,探讨了水面蒸发量与气象要素的关系 ,并用灰色关联度分析法分析了各气象要素对水面蒸发的影响程度 ,建立了计算水面蒸发量的经验公式 ,结果表明( 1 )气象要素对 2 0 m2蒸发池旬平均水面蒸发量的影响程度从大到小的排列顺序为饱和水汽压差、气温、风速、水面温度、相对湿度差、气压、空气饱和差、实际水汽压 ;( 2 ) 2 0 m2蒸发池旬平均水面蒸发量与饱和水汽压差、空气湿度饱和差、气温、水面温度、风速、水汽压成正比关系 ;而与气压、相对湿度成反比关系 ;( 3)所有回归方程都达到极显著水平 ,可供塔里木盆地缺测资料地区选用。

In this research,based on the conventional meteorological observation data and the water surface evaporation of 20m\+2 experimental pool during 1999 to 2002(from April to October)in Aksu water balance experimental station,the authors discuss the relationships betwen water surface evaporation and its influence factors,analyze the influence degree of different meteorological factors on the water surface evaporation using association degree method,and sets up the empirical formula of calculating the water surface evaporation of 20m\+2 experimental pool.The conclusions are as follows: (1)The significance of different meteorological factors in the water surface evaporation in the order of from big to small is saturation vapor pressure deficit,air temperature,wind speed,water surface temperature,relative humidity deficit,air pressure,saturation deficit,actual vapor pressure;(2)the water surface evaporation of 20m\+2 experimental pool has a linear relation to saturation vapor pressure deficit,air temperature,water surface temperature,saturation deficit,wind speed,actual vapor pressure,air pressure,relative humidity,and has a inverse relation to air pressure and relative humidity;(3)the accuracy of all empirical formula reaches conspicuous level.The empirical formula can be used in Tarim river basin without observed water surface evaporation of 20m\+2 experimental pool.