乌梁素海生态恢复机理与工程技术的研究

Studies on the Technology and Mechanism of Ecological Recovery of Lake Wuliangsuhai

在我国干旱区典型草型湖泊—乌梁素海设立试验基地 ,进行生态恢复工程试验研究。研究表明 :乌梁素海受富营养化影响 ,正在向芦苇沼泽—碱蓬盐化草甸—白刺荒漠方向演化。生态恢复机理是 :( 1 )减少大型水生植物有机氮、磷向底质的沉降 ,削弱内源性营养物负荷的积累与储备 ;( 2 )减少大型水生植物死亡后矿化成氨态氮 ;( 3)控制底质中有机氮向水体释放生成氨态氮。采用机械化方式收割大型水生植物转移营养盐 ,抑制生物促淤效应以及对芦苇区进行园田化生态管理是乌梁素海生态恢复的关键技术 。

The experiment field was built in the lake Wuliangsuhai, a typical grass type Lake in the drought region of China. The experiment of ecological recovery project was carried out in there. The results indicated that the lake is changing into the Phragmites australis marsh, Suaeda glauca salinization meadow, Nitraria sibirica desert, because of the impact of eutrophication. The ecological recovery mechanism are as following:(1) to lessen the precipitation of organic nitrogen and organic phosphorus from macrophyte, cut back the accumulation of internal nutrient load; (2) to decrease the organic nitrogen from dieing of macrophyte to transfer ammonia nitrogen; (3) to control the release of ammonia nitrogen from sediment. It is a crucial technology for ecological recovery to harvest macrophyte for transfering the nutrient salts, restrict the impact of life filling and carry out the gardening management of reed region. Meanwhile, it is a core problem of sustainable development of environment and resources of Lake Wuliangsuhai.