从孔子“损益”周礼看孔子思想的进步性

Progressiveness of Confucius'Ideology Viewed From His Adjustments to the Codes of the Zhou-Dynasty

孔子在春秋晚期奴隶制行将崩溃的前夕对维护奴隶制统治的周礼进行了“损益”。他调整了周礼的强制性 ,在周礼中增益了道德性的仁 ;调整周礼的适用范围 ,提出礼下庶人与刑上大夫的主张 ;调整周礼“尊尊、亲亲”的任官原则 ,提出“贤贤”的主张 ;怀疑“天命” ,重视“德政、人治”。他的思想不仅不保守而且具有相当的进步性。

At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period when slavery was about to collapse,Confucius made adjustments to the feudal ethical codes of the Zhou Dynasty which uphela slavery.In view of the compulsion,the application scope and the principle to appoint people by favoritism of the Zhou Dynasty Codes,Confucius emphasized virtue and morality,and advocated appointing people on their merits.Confucius was doubtful about Zhous doctrine of fate,but valued benevolent rule and humanism.