《左传》的卜筮叙述模式

The Narrating Pattern of Divination in the Zuo Commentary

《左传》大量记录卜筮活动，在反映春秋时代的客观现实、绍介卜筮的同时，创立了独特的卜筮叙述模式。卜筮本身作为一套自给自足内部良性循环的符号体系而存在，它被一种规定的程序所控制、限定，在一定的仪式中体现其存在的意义。随着巫史主体地位的失落，卜筮叙述存在蜕变为形式，存在的意义消失退隐，衰败的卜筮叙述被迫走下神坛，充当起统治者障人耳目、愚弄民众的工具。由此导致了卜筮叙述系统的分化，《左传》对其进行了重新构建，借助卜筮叙述表达对历史及事件的态度，历史的卜筮叙述在这里不仅仅是作为过去一系列事实的呈现，而且作为既成事实的预言式展开进入我们的视域。它扩展了情节的张力，造就了结构的回环，增加了故事的弹性，对后来的历史叙述和虚构叙述作品均产生了广泛且深远的影响。

Great amounts of divination activities are recorded in the Zuo Commentary, which, on one band, reveal the reality of the Spring and Autumn period, and also create a unique narrating pattern of divination on the other. Divination, which existed as a set of symbol system of virtuous circle and self-sufficiency,is controlled and limited by the prescribed programs and only makes sense in a certain rite. With the lost divination as the subject, the existence was differentiated to be a formality, which became the tool for the rulers to cheat and blind their people. Consequently, the narration system was transformed and reconstructed by the Zuo Commentary as a way to express the views towards historic events which were not simply rewound as mere events, but care into vision as a foretell of something that has already happened. The narrating pattern extends the tension of the plot, creates winding development of the structure, promotes flexibility of the story, and thus imposes great influence on the following historic narrative and fictitious works.