泾县陈村水库灌溉工程与血吸虫病流行关系研究

STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHENCUN RESERVOIR IRRIGATION SYSTEM AND ENDEMIC OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN JINGXIAN COUNTY

目的 探讨人工水库灌溉对血吸虫病流行的影响。方法 收集泾县陈村水库灌溉工程及居民耕地、经济状况资料,以及近10年螺情、病情资料,并于2002年对全部历史有螺环境进行查螺,分析水库建设后所形成的不同类型灌区及其与血吸虫病流行的关系。结果 陈村水库及灌溉工程修建后,在水库下游泾县境内形成4类灌区:自流灌溉区即总干渠灌区和东干渠灌区,自流灌溉和提水灌溉区即青左支渠灌区,淹没区及水库间接灌溉区。各区有螺面积均显著增加,其中总干渠灌区的螺、病情明显地较间接灌区严重,东干渠灌区的钉螺密度、耕牛感染及急性感染较自流灌溉前增加,淹没区螺情在近几年迅速上升。结论 陈村水库灌溉工程的修建促进了当地经济的发展,但如果不采取有效措施,人工灌溉可加重血吸虫病流行。

Objective To explore the influence of man-made irrigation on endemic of schistoso-miasis. Methods The data of the project of the Chencun reservoir and irrigation, cultivation areas, economy, and snail distribution and infection rate in population and cattle in last 10 years were collected. All snail habitats in history were surveyed in 2002. The situation and trend of schistosomi-asis in different kinds of irrigation areas were compared and analyzed. Results After Chencun reservoir and irrigation system were constructed,4 kinds of irrigation areas were formed: the area irrigated by water flowing automatically (Zongganqu area and Dongganqu area), the area irrigated by water flowing plus pumping water in draught (Qingzuozhiqu area),the area submerged for the construction of the irrigation system (Submerged area), and the area indirectly influenced by the system (Indirect irrigation area).In all kinds of areas the snail areas increased significantly.The situation of snails and the disease was worse in the Zongganqu area than that in the indirect irriga-tion area.The snail density, infection rale in cattle and the cases of acute schistosomiasis increased in the Dongganqu area when irrigated by water flowing automatically,and in the submerged area the snail density increased recently.Conclusion The construction of Chencun reservoir and irrigation system promots economy development in local area. However, man-made irrigation would spread schisfosomiasis unless some effective measures are implemented.