广州市蚊幼虫自然种群孳生状况的研究

Study of the Breeding State of the Natural Mosquito Population in Guangzhou

目的 了解广州市城区蚊虫自然种群幼虫的孳生地类型及种群分布特点。方法 用现场抽样调查方法对市内 9个城区分别以东西南北中五个方位对各类有可能孳生蚊虫的场所进行抽样 ,记录各类孳生场所的检查数及阳性数。结果 全市各类蚊孳生地共检查 193 3 0处 ,阳性 15 46处 ,阳性率 8.0 0 % ,以洼地 ( 2 5 .69% )、地下室 ( 2 3 .70 % )、防空洞 ( 16.79% )阳性率较高 ;建筑工地、小型积水、市政排水设施 3类孳生场所占总检查处数的 82 .45 % ,占总阳性处数的79.43 % ;各类型孳生地在各城区的分布比例及孳生阳性情况有所不同 ;除二次供水、市政排水设施和防空洞外 ,中心城区与边缘城区蚊孳生阳性率无明显差别。结论 广州市的蚊虫孳生地具有种类多样性 ,分布不均匀 ,在城区不同区域各有所侧重的特点。建筑工地、小型积水和市政排水设施是广州市城区主要蚊虫孳生地。小型积水是广州市白纹伊蚊重要孳生场所 ,致倦库蚊主要孳生场所是建筑工地、市政排水设施等。在蚊虫孳生地处理上 ,各区应根据实际情况采取相应措施。

Objective To find out the types of the breeding places of the mosquito larvae and the distribution characteristics of the natural mosquito population in urban area of Guangzhou. Methods Places where the mosquito larvae were possible to breed in the North, South, East, West and Central part of each administrative region in the urban area of Guangzhou were sampled and investigated. The total and the positive counts were recorded. Results Of the 19 330 possible breeding places investigated, 1 546 ( 8.00%) yielded positive results. The positive rates were higher in the marsh ( 25.69%), the basements ( 23.70%) and the air-raid shelters ( 16.79%). The construction sites, the small-scale ponding and the drainage systems accounted for 82.45% of the total areas under inspection and 79.43% of the total positive counts. In different administrative regions, the proportion of varied breeding places and their positive rates were different. Apart from the secondary water supply systems, the drainage systems and the air-raid shelters, no significant difference was found in the positive rates between the central area and the marginal area. Conclusion The breeding places of the mosquito larvae in the urban area of Guangzhou are diversified and unevenly distributed. The construction sites, the small-scale ponding and the drainage systems are the main breeding places. The small-scale ponding is the most important for Ae.albopictus, while the construction sites and the drainage systems are the most important for Cx.pipiens quinquefasciatus. Control measures should be made on the basis of the actual situation of each administrative region.