作物生长模型WOFOST在华北平原的适用性研究

THE APPLICABILITY RESEARCH OF WOFOST MODEL IN NORTH CHINA PLAIN

简要介绍了荷兰瓦赫宁根大学开发的WOFSOT模型,为了评价其在华北平原的适用性,2000～2001年在中国科学院禹城综合试验站进行了水分处理实验。水分池分为8个处理,分别是:≥40％、≥50％、≥60％、≥70％、≥80％田间持水量及返青.拔节受旱、抽穗.灌浆受旱、灌浆-成熟受旱,每个处理重复1次,共16个实验小区。其中2001年的实验数据用于参数校正,得到一套模型的参数值,2000年的实验数据用于模型的验证。主要结论如下:1)WOFOST模型适于描述作物的光合作物过程,对潜在生长的模拟较好,用于华北平原的作物生长与水分利用的研究是适宜的;2)华北平原的光温生产潜力为8 100 kg·hm-2左右,目前冬小麦的产量仅相当于潜在产量的65％;3)WOFOST。模型在一些细节问题上考虑较粗,比较适合于大面积、区域范围内的模拟;4)WOFOST存在不少需要改进的地方,如干物质分配系数考虑可能过于简单、未计算冬小麦发育后期茎叶干物质向籽粒的转移等。

Crop growth modeling, which was developed very quickly in recent decades, is a forceful tool in scientific research. Many crop growth models, such as CERES series, WOFOST and RZWQM and the like, have been developed and applied widely, but few of them have been introduced in China. This research was aimed at evaluating the suitability of WOFOST model for the North China Plain. WOFOST is a mechanistic crop growth model developed by Wageningen Agricultural University, the Netherlands. It was summarized briefly and then validated by using experimental data in North China Plain. This experiment was conducted in two successive years (2000-2001) in Yucheng Comprehensive Experiment Station, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , located at Yucheng, Shangdong Province of China. Water treatment pools have eight water treatments with two replicates: 1) treatments 1-5: water was supplied close to 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% of field water capacity; 2) treatment 6: water stress was set from turning green to shooting; 3) treatment 7: water stress was set from earring to filling; 4) treatment 8: water stress was set from filling to harvest. Each treatment was under a movable rain-shelter. Water content was measured using a neutron probe every five days; an additional measurement was taken before and after rainfall and irrigation. Crop growth was examined every five days, including tiller number, leaf area index, fresh and dry weight of all organs, filling rate and plant height. Leaf area was measured by LI-3100. The model was calibrated to get values of parameters using the experimental data in the year 2001, and then it was validated by data in 2000. The following crop growth simulation results (on a per-hectare basis) were examined: potential production, water limited production, potential total above-ground dry matter and water limited total above-ground dry matter, potential and water limited leaf area index, potential and water limited stem weight. Comparison between measured values and simulated results shows their correlation is close. The main conclusions of this study were as follows: 1) WOFOST model is suitable for similar research in North China Plain. It describes crop photosynthesis in detail and is good at simulating crop potential growth; 2) WOFOST treated some aspects simply and often uses a simple formula instead of a complex one to simplify input; 3) the potential production in North China Plain is about 8 100 kg'hnT2 and present production achieves only about 65% of this; 4) WOFOST has some problems that need to be improved. It disregards dry matter transportation from leaves and stems to seeds and describes dry matter partitioning too simply.