小麦株高及其构成因素的遗传和相关性研究

Genetic and Correlation Study on Plant Height and Its Components in Wheat

为了对小麦育种工作提供基本信息,采用世代均值分析方法,对4个冬小麦杂交组合(均包括P_1、P_2、F_1、F_2、BC_1和BC_2 6个世代群体)的株高及其构成因素进行了遗传和相关性研究。结果表明,除1个组合存在显著的上位效应外,株高性状主要受基因的加性效应和显性效应影响,并且显性效应比加性效应更为重要。第1节(即穗下颈节)长和第2节长与株高和穗长呈极显著正相关,各节间长与其相领下一节长也呈显著或极显著正相关。株高构成因素对株高的贡献大小为第1节>第2节>第3节>穗长>第4节。根据株高性状的遗传和相关性特点,文中还对小麦育种中亲本选配和杂种后代的选择进行了讨论。

In order to provide fundemental informations for wheat breeding, the genetic and correlation analysis among plant height and its components of four winter wheat combinations, including P1、P2、F1、F2、BC1 and BC2 were studied with progeny mean analysis. The results showed that except for one combination with significant epistatic effects, the characters of plant height were mainly controlled by the additive and dominance effects of gene. Moreover, the dominant effects were more important than the additive effects. The first stem length (neck stem under spike) and the second stem length were significant positively correlated with plant height and spike length. There were also significant positive correlation between each stem length and the next stem under it. The order of relative contribution of components to plant height was that 1st stem >2nd stem >3rd stem >spike length >4th stem. The selection of parents and its offspring under wheat breeding program was also discussed in this paper.