气候条件对冬小麦千粒重的影响

Effect of Climatic Elements on 1000-grain Weight of Winter Wheat

通过多年多点多项多品种的小区试验、高产攻关与高产示范,研究了气候条件对冬小麦千粒重的影响。结果表明,从其开花到成熟期的诸因子中,天数是影响冬小麦千粒重高低的主导因子,其次是平均最低气温,平均最高气温的作用最小。冬小麦受干热风的危害较大,在后期浇水不当情况下会引起千粒重下降。干热风对千粒重的危害是多种因素综合影响的结果,而麦田土壤只要能满足小麦对水分的需要,干热风来临时能保持麦株体内的水份平衡,就可极大地削弱干热风的危害程度,使千粒重少下降,甚至不下降;麦田浇水的终止期在乳熟末期前2～3d,水分不足的麦田只要在终止期前浇水,且水量适宜,就有利于千粒重的提高。

Through years of survey and investigation in plots and varieties tests, the effect of climatic blements on 1000-grain weight of winter wheat was studied. The result showed that among all the elements affecting 1000-grain weight dunring flowering to ripercess, the day number was the most important one. The second was the lowest temperature. The last was the highest temperature. The effect of hot-dry wind on 1000-grain weight was brought about by many factors. As long as the wheat field had enough water for wheat to keep the water balance in plant body, 1000-grain weight could be kept or lose little while attacked by hot-dry wind. The last time of irrigation should be 2 - 3 days before milky stage. The wheat field watered before this time was helpful to raise the 1000-grain weight.