气候因子对混播草地不同种群生长及其个体消长的影响

EFFECTS OF CLIMATIC FACTORS ON GROWTH OF DIFFERENT POPULATIONS AND THEIR INDIVIDUAL GROWTH AND DECLINE CHARACTERISTICS IN MIXED PASTURE

采用数理统计方法 ,研究了混播草地中黑麦草 (Lolium perenne)、白三叶 (Trifoliumrepens)和白苞蒿(Artemisialactiflora)的生长特征及其个体消长特点 ,分析了主要气候因子 (温度、降水和日照 )对其构件生长的影响 .温度对黑麦草分蘖的负效应显著 (P〈0 .0 1) ;温度和降水与黑麦草叶片、白三叶匍匐茎和白苞蒿侧枝生长存在显著 (P〈0 .0 1)或弱显著 (P〈0 .1)正相关 ;日照对 3种植物的生长有不同程度抑制作用 .温度和日照对植物生长的互作效应大于温度和降水的互作效应 .黑麦草分蘖数与白三叶分枝数相互消长 ,而黑麦草叶片与白三叶匍匐茎生长具相互促进作用 ;白苞蒿侧枝和白三叶匍匐茎生长相互促进 ,其生长点数则由相互促进向相互抑制转化 ;黑麦草与白苞蒿种群生长具正效应作用 .黑麦草叶片、白三叶匍匐茎和白苞蒿侧枝生长具明显季节动态性 ,而黑麦草分蘖、白三叶分枝和白苞蒿侧芽数季节性变化不明显 .黑麦草分蘖和白苞蒿侧芽具夏秋发生优势 ,而黑麦草叶片生长具春末潜势 ,白苞蒿侧枝具旺盛期 (6～ 9月 )生长优势 .图 1表 3参 2

The experiment was conducted to determine growth traits of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), white clover (Trifolium repens) and ghostplant wormwood (Artemisia lactiflora) and their individual growth and decline characteristics in mixed perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture by mathematical statistics method, and the influences of air temperature, precipitation and sunshine-hours on their modules growth were analyzed. Temperature had a significant negative effects (P<0.01) on tillers generation of perennial ryegrass, A positive significant (P<0.01) or weak significant (P<0.1) existed relationship existed between temperature or precipitation and leaf growth of ryegrass, stolon extension of white clover and side branch growing of ghostplant wormwood, and sunshine-hours had negative effects on growing of the three species. The interaction effects between temperature and sunshine-hours were greater than those between temperature and precipitation. A mutual growth and decline characteristics existed in tillers of ryegrass and ramifications of white clover, whereas a mutual promote process occurred in leaf growth of ryegrass and stolon growing of white clover. There was a positive action between side branch growing of ghostplant wormwood and stolon extension of white clover, while growing points of the two species transformed from mutual promotion to inhibition process, and population growth of ryegrass and white clover existed a positive relationship. Leaf growth of ryegrass, stolon extension of white clover and side branch growing of ghostplant wormwood existed evident seasonal dynamics pattern whereas growing points of this three species was an inverse situation. Tillers of ryegrass and side buds of ghostplant wormwood were produced more in summer-autumn stage than other growing stages, and there was a latent arising dominance for leaf growth of ryegrass and side branch of ghostplant wormwood, in later-spring and in flourish stage (June～September), respectively. Fig 1, Tab 3, Ref 27