崇明东滩冬季水鸟的种类和生境偏好

Species and Habitat Preference of Waterbirds at the Eastern End of Chongming Island (Shanghai) in Winter

20 0 2年 11月～ 2 0 0 3年 1月对崇明东滩自然保护区的越冬水鸟在 5种生境类型的分布、数量分别做了 2 0 0 0m× 10 0m的样带调查。共观察到水鸟 4 9种 ,整个群落个体总数 345 0 4只。其中低潮盐藻光滩带有鸟类37种 ,占水鸟个体总数的 39% ;海三棱草外带有 19种 ,占 6 % ;海三棱草内带有 10种 ,占 5 % ;堤外芦苇带有 4种 ,占 3% ;堤内鱼塘 -芦苇区有 37种 ,占 4 7%。这一结果证实了把围垦地转变为鱼塘 -芦苇湿地的生态恢复行动的合理性 ,因为最大的越冬水鸟物种多样性和个体多度出现在这种湿地中。

Data on species and habitat preference of waterbirds were collected at the eastern end of Chongming Island,Shanghai,in a period form November 2002 to January 2003.Transect of 2?000?m×100?m was arranged in each of five habitat types from the intertidal mudflat to that behind the sea wall.Forty-nine species was observed in 34?504 waterbirds.Of the birds,37 species and 39% of all waterbirds appeared at the algae saline transect,19 species and 6% at the bulrush outer transect,10 species and 5% at the bulrush inner transect,4 species and 3% at the reed transect,and 37 species and 47% at the transect of fish ponds with reed behind the sea wall.The highest value of species richness and abundance of wintering waterbirds in the last habitat type is a strong support to the action of ecological restoration in this island-altering low-lying paddy fields to wetlands with fish ponds and reed.