植物花发育的分子机理研究进展

Proceedings on Molecular Mechanism of Plant Flower Development

花的发育分为开花决定、花的发端和花器官的发育三个阶段。植物开花由多条途径诱导 ,包括光周期和光质诱导、春化作用、自主途径、赤霉素诱导、碳水化合物诱导等 ;植物体本身也存在着开花抑制途径。各种开花诱导途径能激活花分生组织特性基因 ,使茎端分生组织转变为花分生组织。花器官的发育由器官特性基因决定 ,这些基因的精确表达需要花分生组织特性基因的激活和多个正、负调节因子的调控 ;另有一类基因控制着花发育的对称性。

Flower development can be distinguished by three phases: flowering determination, flower evocation, and floral organ development. Several pathways regulate the switch from vegetative to reproductive development, including photoperiod, light quality, vernalization, autonomous pathway, gibberellin, and carbohydrates induction, while repression pathways also exist in plants. Distinct inductive pathways can activate the expression of flower meristem identity genes, thus cause the transition from shoot apical meristem to flower meristem. Floral organ development is controlled by floral organ identity genes, whose exact expression was activated by flower meristem identity genes and controlled by various positive and negative regulators. In addition, there is a kind of genes that determine the symmetry of flower. Research on the mechanism of flower development can contribute to the basic theory research as well as later application.