劳动安全卫生费用模型

Cost Models for Occupational Safety and Health

劳动安全卫生费用模型 (图 2 )反映了预防投资、事故费用、总费用与企业安全水平之间的关系。最小值 M点是一个正常的企业应当追求的状态 ,该状态使企业在总投资最小的情况下 ,达到较好的安全水平。图 4是因未感觉间接费用而造成对费用模型的扭曲。图 5、图 6是企业极度忽视安全卫生而又得不到惩戒时使费用模型受到的扭曲。扭曲的费用模型使企业预防投资的经济动力减弱或失去。蔑视劳动者生命价值的结果最终也会损害企业经济的发展。对所有扭曲的情况 ,既需要社会、法律的约束 ,也需要安全经济学的引导。

The minimum cost M(Fig. 2) demonstrates the correlation with the preventive cost, accident cost, and total sum and the safety level of an enterprise, which should be sought by a normal enterprise. This status could make the enterprise to have a better safety level under a minimum total investment. The model could be distorted, when the indirect costs are ignored(Fig. 4) or furthermore, when the life value of human being is ignored(Fig. 5,6) as described in the paper. That makes the economic motive power for prevention being weakened, and in turn, the economic development of the enterprise would be damaged finally. In order to avoid the distortion, the social and legal restraints, and the guidance of safety economics are needed.