国际湿地科学研究进展和中国湿地科学研究优先领域与展望

NEW KNOWLEDGE ON THE PROGRESS OF INTERNATIONAL WETLAND SCIENCE RESEARCH AND PRIORITY FIELD AND PROSPECT OF CHINESE WETLAND SCIENCE RESEARCH

湿地科学已成为国际学术界的重要学科和优势领域 ,它纵横双向发展、学科体系扩大、研究深入、内容增多、领域拓宽。国际湿地科学研究前沿领域的热点为 :湿地分类、形成、发育、演化、古环境、生态与界面过程、温室气体和全球变化、健康、湿地构建、退化湿地恢复与重建、生物多样性、模型、制图、开发、保护、可持续发展和新技术手段应用研究。论述了这些领域最新研究进展和发展趋势。中国湿地科学研究发展缓慢的原因在于 :理论研究薄弱 ,技术手段相对落后 ,科研力量与经费不足 ,先进设施与基地缺乏。提出了 2 1世纪中国湿地科学研究的优先领域 ,应加强湿地基础理论研究 ,在湿地的定义与概念、分类、形成、发育、演化、生态过程、界面过程、生物多样性、温室气体与全球变化、健康及其评价、信息系统、电子地图、退化湿地恢复与重建。

This paper makes a brief exposition of definition of wetland, feature, discipline system, study object and main tasks of wetland science and main characteristics of international wetland science development. It also set forth a systematic introduction on hot points and forward position fields and development trend of international wetland science research and priority property and prospect of Chinese wetland science research in the 21st century. The main hot points and forward position fields of wetland research in the world are as follows, classification, formation, development, succession, reconstruction of paleoenvironment, ecological process and dynamics, greenhouse gases and greenhouse effect and global change, health, assessment, creation wetland, constructed wetland, restoration and reconstruction of degradation wetland, biodiversity, model, mapping, wise utilization of wetland, peatland and peat, conservation and management of wetland, application of new technique and instrument. It summarizes the obstacle factors that block the development of Chinese wetland science. It involves in week basic theory and applied basic theory research, backward instrument and technique, unreasonable structure of wetland scientist team, short of advanced research installations and base for wetland ecological process monitor research and insufficient fund. In order to develop Chinese wetland research, deep basic theory research of wetland science should be strengthened, it includes definition, concept, classification, formation, development and succession, ecological process, biodiversity, greenhouse gas and global change, mechanism of wetland degradation. The construction of the net system of ecological test station and monitoring station of wetland, multifunction imitation test field of wetland ecological process, automatic monitoring instruments are needed.