社区人群控烟方法及其效果评价

Evaluation on the effects of community-based anti-smoking intervention

为探索人群控烟的有效措施 ,在北京、上海和长沙三城市社区人群中开展以宣传材料为主大众媒介宣教 ,结合学校健康教育 ,随访和管理社区吸烟者等多种形式的干预活动。按类试验设计评价人群吸烟行为的变化。结果显示在干预社区 ,男、女和男女合计吸烟率干预后较干预前分别降低 5 5 4 %、2 6 1%和2 94 % ,均有统计学差异。参照对照社区 ,男、女和男女合计吸烟率分别净下降 4 90 %、3 37%和 3 5 1% ,而男、女和男女合计戒烟率分别净提高 4 35 %、17 19%和 6 30 %。女性以及男女合计吸烟率和戒烟率净变化均有统计学差异。表明以健康教育为主的社区干预对人群控烟具有一定的效果 。

To explore effective antismoking intervention measures, measures including flyers and booklets as major mass media, school-based health education and follow-up to smokers were carried out in Beijing, Shanghai and Changsha urban communities. The changes of smoking behavior in population were evaluated by quasi-trial designation. Results showed that smoking rates in adult male, female and both genders decreased by 5.54%, 2.61% and 2.94% respectively and were statistically significant in intervention community. Compared with control community, the net decrease of smoking rates in adult male, female and both were 4.90%, 3.37% and 3.51% respectively. The net increase of quitting rates in adult male, female and both were 4.35%, 17.19% and 6.30% respectively. The net changes in female and in both genders of smoking and quitting were all statistically significant. It was suggested that comprehensive intervention measure with health education as the core might be the priority for the effective community-based antismoking activity. The policy-making and behavior encouraging activities should be focused.