双向聚能拉伸爆破新技术

NEW BLASTING TECHNOLOGY——BILATERAL CUMULATIVE TENSILE EXPLOSION

针对光面爆破和当前聚能控制爆破存在的问题,以及某特大型硐室高强度岩体复杂断面成型爆破的工程现状,提出了双向聚能拉伸爆破新技术,对其特点、相应的聚能装置、聚能爆破机理、爆破力学行为及力学模型作了详细介绍。在单孔、联孔爆破的基础上,将该技术应用于硐室的方形断面和岩台成型爆破,收到了良好的爆破效果。该技术的开发与应用,为高强度岩体复杂断面成型爆破提供了一条高效低耗途径,有广阔的应用前景。

Bilateral cumulative tensile explosion,a new controll blasting technology of cumulative explosion,is put forward and defined,which aims at resolving the problems existing in conventional blasting,smooth blasting,present control blasting and the status of complex outline shaping blasting in rock masses with high uniaxial compressive strength. In application,the charge is put into a special set with cumulative effect in two designed directions,and then the charged set is put into the shot hole. After being detonated,even compressive stress and concentrated tensile stress from explosion are produced in non-controlled and controlled directions,respectively,and then the stresses act on corresponding wall of the shot hole. As a result,crannies are initiated and propagated and rock mass are fractured in controlled direction. The characteristics of new blasting technology,matching sets,explosion mechanism and mechanics models of explosion are detailedly introduced in the paper. On the basis of field experiments of explosion of single borehole and multi-boreholes, the technology is applied to blast rock window and bench in some special large caverns. The satisfactory blasting effects have been achieved. The application results show that the technology is practicable and effective to complex outline shaping blasting of rock mass with high uniaxial compressive strength. The technology shows a bright future of widespread applications.