抗日战争时期张伯苓和喻传鉴在重庆南开中学的教育实践和思想

Educational Practice and Thought of Zhang Boling and Yu Chuanjian in Chongqing Nankai Middle School During the Period of War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

张伯苓是我国近现代著名爱国教育家,他和他的助手喻传鉴在重庆创办南开中学,把这所学校办成了全国四大名校之一。他们以“允公允能”为指导思想,培养为公不为私,有知识有技能、有本领的人。为纠正中华民族“愚、贫、弱、散、私”五种毛病,他们在重庆南开中学提出:重视体育、提倡科学、倡导团体组织、重视道德训练、培养救国力量的五项方针。“注重体育,锻炼强健之国民”;注重智育,以科学知识武装学生头脑;倡导团体活动,锻炼学生有组织、有纪律的品质,克服中国人一盘散沙的毛病;重视道德训练,以培养学生团结、友爱、尊师,“勿傲、勿暴、勿怠”,“宜和、宜静、宜庄”,大仁、大智、大勇等思想品质。

Zhang Boling is a famous modern patriotic educationist of my country.He and his assistant,Yu Chuan jian,established Nankai Middle School in Chongqing,which became one of the four most famous schools around the country.Regarding“Encourage Unselfishness and Competence”as guiding principle,they aim at fostering unselfish,skillful and knowledgeable students .In order to correct five shortcomings of Chinese nation:foolish,poor,weak,disunited and selfish,they raised the following ideas:emphasizing Physical Education,advocating science,promoting group organization,stressing morality training and cultivating salvation strength.Emphasizing Physical Education can make Chinese people not weak;strengthening intellectual education can make Chinese people not foolish;promoting group organization can make Chinese people not disunited;stressing morality training can make Chinese people form fine traditional moralities.