用软X-射线诱变育成特种稻新品种香粳832和紫香糯861

NEW RICE VARIETIES FJR 832 AND FBGR 861 BRED WITH RADIATION OF SOFT-X-RAY

本研究应用Hy-35农用软x-射线为辐射源,对20余个特种稻品种进行诱变处理,至今从大量优异突变体中,经过一系列生产性试验鉴定,筛选出二个分别具有矮秆、抗病、丰产性好的突变体新品种——香粳832、紫香糯861。香粳832,选自1982年亲本品种武香203软x-射线95Gy(0.183Gy/s)辐射处理萌动种子,1985年从x_3代3万余单株群体中选得的140个单株,经逐级鉴定筛选,最后sx85武香203x_3-92单株系入选育成,其具有味香、质优、抗病、高产、稳产的特点。紫香糯861,选自亲本品种龙睛4号,软x-射线123.5Gy(0.183Gy/s)辐射萌动种子,1985年冬海南岛繁殖,于x_2代1.5万单株群体中,发现并选出一个明显矮秆突变体,经逐项、逐级鉴定育成。紫香糯861不仅矮秆、抗倒、高产,而且质优、粒大、色艳、糯性强、营养高,独具某些特殊食疗功效。本研究还证明,软x-射线育种技术具有设备简单,使用安全,无公害,诱变率高的特点。

Over 20 special rice varieties were treated by the radiation of soft-x-ray emitted from an agricultural soft-x-ray machine model HY-35, from which 2 new mutants with short stems, disease-resistance and high yields were selected and subjected to productive evaluation in fields for 4 years.FJR832 (Fragrant Japonica Rice 832, fragrant rice type) was developed from population with more than 30,000 individual plants of third mutant generation (x) from parental variety Wuxiang 203 in 1985, after the parental germinating seeds had been irradiated with soft-x-ray at 0.183Gy/s in 1982. FJR 832 was characterized by scent, resistance to blast, good quality, and highly stable yield.FBGR861 (Fragrant Blood Glutinous Rice 861, blood glutinous rice type) was screened in population with 15,000 individual plants (x_2) in 1985 from parental variety Longjing No. 4 after its germinating seeds were irradiated in 1982. FBGR 861 had great purple grains with strong glutinosity, and some of specially medical components besides its agronomic characters similar to FJR 832.It was evident that radiant breeding with soft-x-ray was characterized by simple facilities, safe operation, and high mutation rate according to the result of this study.