长江中下游地区二棱大麦的高产育种

HIGH-YIELDING BREEDING OF TWO-ROWED BARLEY IN THE MID-LOWER VALLEY OF THE YANGTZE

在近30年来的大麦育种过程中,长江中下游地区二棱大麦品种的产量潜力平均每10年提高9.2%,但生物产量并没有增加。籽粒产量性状的改良,主要是收获指数从0.31～0.35提高到0.44的结果。分蘖特性在品种更替中发生了明显的变化。近期品种的分蘖成穗率和有效穗数均较高,但每穗实粒数和单穗粒重下降。降低株高、增加有效穗数是该地区今后高产育种的努力方向。

The yield potential of two-rowed barley has been increased by an 9.2% each ten years during the past thirty-year's breeding in the mid-lower valley of the Yangtze,but biomass has not been improved.The improvement in grain yield was attributed to an in- crease in harvest index from 0.31～0.35 to 0.44.The tillering character of varieties has changed obviously during varietal replacement.Modern varieties have higher percentage of ear-bearing tillers and number of effective ears;but they have lower kernel number and ker- nel weight per ear.Decrease in plant height and inereae in effective ear number were suggest- ed as criteria for high-yielding breeding in this area.