俄国知识分子问题论析

On Russian Intelligentsia

俄国知识分子与西方知识分子有着明显差别。俄国知识分子的共同特征是关心社会问题和国家命运,具有批判精神,同情劳动人民。他们在俄国现代化进程中,较早接受了西方的先进文明和思想,当他们以西方文化视野观察俄国落后的专制制度时,产生了强烈的批判意识。他们与政府对立,以人民利益的代表自居,希望改变俄国的落后面貌,但这不仅没能得到专制政府的认可,也没能得到依然保持着传统思想的民众的支持,在国内陷入孤立。俄国赶超型现代化的特殊历史进程,使俄国知识分子的思想存在着许多致命的弱点,充满了矛盾性和乌托邦性,在其思想深处还没有完全摆脱宗教意识。

Russian intellectuals were different from western intelligentsia in that they were greatly concerned over social issues and the nation's destiny, full of critical spirit and sympathetic with the working people. In the process of Russian modernization, they first accepted the advanced ideas of the west, strongly opposed the government, and regarded themselves as the representatives of the interest of the people, hoping to change the state of backwardness of Russia. However, they failed to get popular support and fell into domestic isolation.