社会学科学性根基的困境解析与超越

Analysis and Transcendence of the Predicament of Scientific Basis of Sociology

以社会规律性和认识实证性为内涵的社会学科学性根基一直身陷困境:在社会规律性的认识上,一直存在着强调个人主观性与强调社会必然性的冲突;在认识实证性的思考中,一直存在着实证方式的实现形式争议以及实证方式如何客观中立的分歧。但困境可以超越:这首先因为社会规律是人的社会行动的规律,个人主观性与社会必然性于其中合二为一;其次由于实证方式在实现形式上既包括观测、归纳又含理解、直觉,在客观中立上仅限于主体倾向下的客观中立。

The scientific basis of sociology, which is composed of societal regularity and cognizant positivity is always in predicament. In the cognition of societal regularity, there are the conflict between emphasis on individual subjectivity and emphasis on societal inevitability, the conflict about the realizable form of means of proof and the conflict about neutrality and objectivity of means of proof. But the predicament can be surmounted because the societal law is the law on people's social action, individual subjectivity and societal inevitability join each other. Means of proof in terms of manifestation includes not only observation and induction, but also understanding and intuition. Neutrality and objectivity are still subjective ones.