汉初士人的精神历程

The Intellectual's Spiritual Experience in the Beginning of Han Dynasty

秦统一天下,将原秦国的政治-社会模式加诸六国,这与六国士人的政治理念和价值观念发生冲突。秦以强力推行其文化政策,引起了士人阶层的普遍反对。反秦战争中,士人积极参与,对亡秦兴汉功莫大焉。然而,汉初,士人却多不见用。他们备感失落之余,却未沉沦,通过"为学"和"为客"两个途径,达成了自身的个体自觉,并充分展现了自己的事功精神,完成了由"士人"向"士大夫"的过渡。

Qin reunioned China and imposed its original politicssociety mode on other sixleudstates, which is conflicting with the original politics and value notion of the intellectual at sixleudstates. All intellectuals opposed Qin's politics-society mode because Qin enforced its culture policy with power.So the intellectual took part in the war against Qin zealously, they had much contribution on the establishment of Han dynasty.But, at the begining of Han dynasty, the government seldom employed the intellectuals, they really felt disappointment and did not give it up. They found their value and displayed their talent by teaching and advising,and achieved the transition from intellectual to scholarofficial.