澜沧江水环境质量评价与成因分析

WATER QUALITY STATUS ASSESSMENT AND CAUSAL ANALYSIS OF LANCANG RIVER

根据1990年～1997年澜沧江水质资料,分析了澜沧江干流及其主要支流水质污染的现状情况。结果表明,虽然澜沧江流域工业尚不发达,但现状水质不容乐观。澜沧江水质以有机污染为主,主要污染源为造纸废水、制糖废水、大理市和景洪市的生活污水以及来自农田的化肥农药污染。支流除有机污染外,沘江和南览江重金属污染严重,主要污染源是兰坪铅锌矿和澜沧铅矿。澜沧江干流水质优于支流水质,枯水期水质优于丰水期。

Lancang - Mekong River is an important international river in south - east Asia, which flows through sixcountries. Lancang River Basin is rich in natural resources and wildlife, most part of the basin is the naturalconservation area of rare and endangered animals and plants in China. Hie basin area is still an undevelopedregion at present. However, due to deforestation and pollution from industrial, agricultural and domestic sec-tors, water quality of the river has been deteriovating in resent years.In this paper, the author has analyzed present water quality status of Lancang River both in mainstreamand its tributaries based on the data during 1990-1997. The results have shown that water quality status ofthe river is not good enough although industrial estates are not many in the region. The pollutants of the riverare mainly organic matters. The main pollution sources are wastewater from paper plant, sugar plants, domes-tic wastewater from Dali City and Jinghong City, as well as fertilizers and chemicals from agricultural fields.Heavy metals from Lanping Lead & Zinc Mine and Lancang Lead Mine are main pollutants in the tributaries ofBijiang River and Nanlan River. Water quality of the mainstream is better than its tributaries. It is better indry season than in rainy season in the river.The author thinks that pollution control in the basin should be down as soon as possible to improve waterquality. Some measures should be taken to reach the goal. They are the population control, wastewater treat-ment to reach the emission control standard, water quality monitoring enhancement and so on.