公共政策选择中价值冲突根源探析

Causes of Value Conflicts in Public Policy Formulation

阐述了公共政策作为一个过程,在制定、实施以及评估的过程中存在着时空、对象选择、职业伦理等几个层面的价值冲突。指出公共政策中价值冲突既有政策过程本身的客观原因,反映在政策过程中的"机会成本"和"负效应"两个方面,也有政策过程的价值观根源。认为公共政策过程中的价值冲突实质上反映了市场经济条件下不同主体基于不同利益和目标的差异,反映了基于多元化需要基础上政策参与者间的利益冲突。

There are value conflicts objectively in the formulation, evaluation and enforcement processes of public policies, including those involving space, time, social problems, concerned and professional ethic. It is found that such value conflicts in public policies are caused not only by the objective events reflected in 'opportunity cost' and/or 'negative effect' but also by ones subjective values as an origin. Furthermore, the value conflicts in public policies reflect essentially the discrepancies between different subjects having various interests goals, as well as the interest conflicts between different participants in formulating/deciding policies for multiple needs.