夏代前期文化综论

A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON THE EARLY XIA CULTURE

笔者于1975年发掘二里头遗址一号宫殿之后,为了研究二里头遗址的年代、性质和探讨二里头文化的源流等问题,曾先后在豫西地区发掘临汝煤山和新密新砦遗址,豫东地区发掘永城王油坊、黑堌堆、柘城心闷寺和商丘坞墙等遗址,并在二里头文化分布区的周边地带调查约200处古文化遗址。在1981年编写二里头发掘报告之前确认:(一)以洛阳为核心的豫西地区是二里头文化的主要分布区,二里头遗址位居其中。

The date of the Xia Dynasty is 2100-1600 BC and the Erlitou culture belongs to the late Xia period. In order to research into the predecessor of the Erlitou culture, the author excavated on the Meishan site in Linru city, Henan province, in 1976. the discovered remains of the second stage of the late Longshan culture are carbon-14 dated 2100 - 2000 BC and named Meishan type. He also excavated on the Xinzhai site in Xinmi city in 1979. The unearthed data represent the transitional period between the second stage of the late Henan Longshan culture and the first stage of the Erlitou culture. They are dated 2000-1900 BC and named Xinzhai phase culture. The present paper gives a table comprising 32 types of 154 pottery objects selected from the middle, and Phases I and 11 of the late Henan Longshan culture, the Xinzhai phase and the first stage of the Erlitou culture to show the typology, characteristics and evolutionary process of the pottery. Furthermore, the author expounds in the text the distribution, date, economic subsistence and related written records of the second stage of late Henan Longshan culture and the Xinzhai phase culture. He clarifies that the above two cultures are of the early Xia period and the main body of the Erlitou culture is the late Xia culture. These viewpoints have been adopted by the Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project.