中国比较文学的现代语境与危机问题

The Crisis of Comparative Literature and Its Modern Context in China

比较文学的“危机论”层出不穷 ,但真正的问题意识应切实正视自身的状况。对中国比较文学来说 ,它的真实问题源自其现代处境 ,在中国进入现代转型和中西方文化遭遇冲突时期而迫切需要比较的形势下 ,它并未得到正常发展 ,反而阻力重重 ,直至被彻底禁绝 ,然后又突然兴起、迅速扩张 ,以至它的知识学基础未能充分得到奠定。这造成了对比较文学的误解 ,忽略了它作为学科的特征 ,即对文化中心主义的超越性和世界文学的理想性。目前中国比较文学的任务不是在条件尚不成熟的情况下急于创立学派 ,而是要正确处理好前沿发展、分支衍生和基础学理建设之间的关系。

The views on the crisis of comparative literature is still emerging one after another, but the genuine awareness of this problem is to face up to its own situation. As for Chinese comparative literature, its real crisis comes from its modern context. When China stepped into modern transition period and came across with west culture, comparative literature was urgently needed. However, with so many obstacles it couldn't develop normally, and it had been absolutely prohibited for a long period. Then it developed abruptly and expanded very quickly in 1980's in China, while its foundation of knowledge had not fully established. It has leaded to misunderstandings and the characteristics of comparative literature as a discipline, i.e., the transcendence of culture-centralism and the ideal of a world literature, were neglected. The current task of Chinese comparative literature is not to establish an academic school when the conditions are not matured, but to cope correctly with the relationship between frontier development, branch derivation and basic theory construction.