语言哲学修辞论:一个猜想——西方语言哲学系列研究之十

The Theory of Rhetoric Originated from the Philosophy of Language: An Assumption——The Western Philosophy of Language (X)

根据一种哲学活动 (企图通过分析语言来解释世界“存在”的哲学活动 ,在涉及呈现方式、描述属性与认知活动时 ,也同时并无意地为修辞的解释打开一种思路 ) ,本文提出如下猜想 :凡是语言使用过程中 ,涉及呈现方式、描述属性与认知活动时 ,必涉及修辞活动。这个猜想的启示是 :第一 ,凡有认知活动并且要说话的时候 ,都有修辞活动。第二 ,人类最普遍的生存方式 (使用语言 )———形而下 ,居然和形而上的思考 (哲学活动 )掺和在一起 ;第三 ,人的行为、语言行为与修辞 ,是掺和在一起的。我们生活在修辞活动中 。

There has ever been the philosophical activity in which any philoso pher, while dealing with modes of presentation, attributive descriptions and cog nitive activities, has simultaneously and unconsciously opened a new train of th ought to account for rhetoric activities. On the basis of the philosophical acti vity, this paper puts forward the following conjecture that human beings, when u sing their language and being involved in any mode of presentation, any attribut ive description and any cognitive activity, are necessarily related to rhetoric activities. Under the enlightenment of that conjecture, some new revelations hav e been brought to light that (1) any verbal interaction together with cognitive activities is always tangled with rhetoric activities; (2) the use of language, i.e. the most common survivorship-styles of human beings, might be harmoniously mixed into metaphysical speculations in philosophical activities; (3) human beha viors, linguistic ones and rhetoric ones are really mixed into each other. We li ve by rhetorical activities.