中国古代北方役重问题研究

Study of service burden in north China in ancient times

我国古代北方地区长期以来是赋役并重,唐宋以来尤以劳役特别沉重为特色,而南方地区劳役相对较轻。这是历史形成的社会地域分工。北方役重的原因,主要是政治中心所在,各种社会活动和工程众多,又是防边备战的军事重心,国防、战争需要大量兵员民夫,加以黄河河患频繁,常年劳役着数以万计的沿岸人民。北方人民为社会历史发展提供了主要的社会劳动生产力,劳役地租转换的经济、财政价值同样十分重要,并体现了与政府之间的严重的人身依附关系。沉重的劳役严重影响了北方社会经济的发展,成为经济重心南移的主要原因之一。

In a long period in ancient time,both taxes and labor service in Chinese northwestern areas were heavy,the main feature since Tang Dynasty is the heavy burden of labor service,but in south China the labor service is relatively lightThis social difference between different areas is formed historicallyThe reason of the heavier labor service in north China is that,the political center is located in north area,social activities and construction projects are relatively more,north area is also the center of military defense,wars and fights need a lot of soldiers and labors,further,the frequently occurred flood disaster of Huanghe incurs service of thousands laborsPeople in north China provide main labor force for the development of historical society,both the economy and finance coming from service rents have the same importance and show the serious dependence on governmentThe heavy service seriously hinders the social and economic development in north China and is a important reason of that the economic center shifted from north to south of China