1Macfden Rj. Role of the circulating and tissue-based renin-angiotensin system in the development of heart failure:implication for therapy. Cardiology, 1993,83:38-48.
2Constant J. A review of why and how we may use beta-blockers in congestive heart failure. Chest, 1998,113:800-808.
3Wagstein F, Bristow MR, Swedberg K, et al. Beneficial effects of metoprolol in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Metoprolol in Dilated Cardiomyopathy (MDC) Trial Study Group. Lancet, 1993,342:1441-1446.
4Di Lenarda A, De Maria R, Gavazzi A, et al. Long-term survival effect of metoprolol in dilated cardiomyopathy. The SPIC(Italian Multicentre Cardiomyopathy Study) Group. Heart, 1998, 79:337-344.
5Packer M, Fowler MB, Roecker E B. Effect of carvedilal on the morbidity of patients with severe chronic heart failure: Results of the carvedilal prospective randomized cumulative survival (COPERNICUS) Study. Circulation, 2002,106:2194-2199.