粪尿分集式厕所对猪蛔虫卵灭活效果的观察

OBSERVATION ON THE INACTIVATION EFFECT ON ASCARIS SUUM EGGS IN URINE DIRECTING TOILET

目的 了解新型厕所—粪尿分集式厕所对猪蛔虫卵的灭活效果。 方法 采用Tea袋法定期定量进行虫卵存活率检查。在监测点观察 10个户厕和 1个公厕 ,每厕粪坑放入 2 4个Tea袋 ,每月对监测厕所采样 1次 ,抽取 2袋虫卵在实验室常温下培养 3周后再进行虫卵存活率观察 ,并与对照组虫卵进行对比观察。同时测量粪渣的 pH值和水分 ,观察与虫卵存活率的关系。 结果 存放于 10个户厕粪坑内的猪蛔虫卵 ,1、2和 3个月后平均虫卵存活率分别为 96.5 7%、5 7.5 1%和 10 .67% ,6个月后存活率仅为 1.5 3 % ,11个月后虫卵存活率为 0 ;存放于公厕 (粪尿分集式厕所 +太阳能板 )粪坑内的猪蛔虫卵 ,1、2和 3个月后虫卵存活率分别为 92 .5 1%、1.0 1%和 0 ,而对照组虫卵 1年后存活率为 85 .3 9%。虫卵存活率与粪渣中的pH值及水分有直接关系 ,即 pH值越大 (>9)灭活虫卵效果越好 ,水分越高 (>3 0 % )灭活虫卵效果越差。 结论 粪尿分集式厕所对寄生虫卵有较好的杀灭作用 ,加有太阳能板的厕所效果更佳。

Objective To understand the inactivation effect on Ascaris suum eggs in urine directing toilet. Methods To observe the survival rate of eggs rationally and regularly. 24 tea bags with A. suum eggs were put into 1 public toilet and each of 10 private toilets and 2 tea bags from each toilet were collected monthly. The eggs collected were examined after cultured in laboratory in normal temperature for three weeks and compared with those in control group. Results The average survival rates of A. suum eggs in private toilet were 96.57%, 57.51% and 10.67% after burying 1-3 months, respectively and 1.53% after burying six months and 0 after 11 months; the survival rates of eggs in the public toilet with solar board were 92.51%, 1.01% and 0 after burying 1-3 months, respectively, while the survival rate in control group was 85.39% after one year. The results showed that the survival rate was directly related to pH value and water contents. The more the pH value (>9), the better the effect, the more the water contents (>30%), the poorer the effect. Therefore, the key to improve the inactivation effect is to build the toilets according to the criteria, cover feces with plant ashes and remove them after stored for six months. Conclusion The toilet, especially the one with solar board has a good inactivation effect on parasitic eggs.