飞机维修男工噪声暴露与听力损失患病率的剂量-反应关系

The dose-response relationship between noise exposure and prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss in man aircraft maintenance workers

目的 探讨男性飞机维修人员噪声暴露与噪声性听力损失 (NIHL)患病率之间的剂量 反应关系。方法 飞机维修人员按工作性质、地点、工种和班次分为不同亚组。每组选择 3～ 5人 ,用SH12 6个体计量仪测定工作班次噪声暴露。同时对 2 90名男性飞机维修人员进行了问卷调查和听力检查。结果 飞机维修男工 8h连续等效A声级 (LAeq·8h)平均值为 89 1dB (A)。经年龄、性别校正的高频听力损伤患病率为 48 6% ,语频听力损伤患病率为 6 6%。按噪声级分组 ,NIHL患病率未表现出随剂量增加而升高的趋势。按噪声级与工龄合并后的累积噪声暴露量分组 ,高频、语频听力损伤患病率均随噪声暴露增加而升高 ,经卡方趋势检验发现 ,CNELAeq·8h评价剂量 反应关系优于CNELAeq·10min。结论 飞机维修人员噪声暴露与NIHL患病率之间存在剂量 反应关系 ;CNELAeq·8h是评价噪声暴露的良好指标 。

Objective To study the dose response relationship between noise exposure and prevalence of noise induced hearing loss(NIHL)in man aircraft maintenance workers.Method Two hundred and ninety man aircraft maintenance workers were categorized into subgroups according to their job type,location and shift.Three to five workers from each subgroup were selected to measure L Aeq·8h and L Aeq·10min in a shift on workdays with noise dosimeter SH126.Questionnaire survey and audiometric examination were carried out for them.Result L Aeq·8h was 89 1 dB(A)in average in man aircraft maintenance workers.Prevalence of high frequency noise induced hearing loss(HFNIHL)and low(language)frequency hearing loss(LFNIHL)was 48 6%(141/290)and 6 6%(19/290),respectively,adjusted for age and gender.No increasing trend in prevalence of HFNIHL and LFNIHL with noise exposure level(both L Aeq·8h and L Aeq·10min )was found.Prevalence of HFNIHL and LFNIHL increased with cumulative noise exposure,which combined with level of noise and length of employment,and CNE L Aeq·8h was better than CNE L Aeq·10min used in assessment for dose response relationship,with a statistical significance by a trend χ 2 test.Conclusion There existed significant dose response relationship between noise exposure and NIHL in man aircraft maintenance workers.CNE L Aeq·8h was a good index for assessment of non stable noise.