荒漠绿洲新梨7号梨园覆草节水效应的研究

Effect of Straw Mulching on Water-saving of Pear Grown in Desert Oasis Field

南疆荒漠绿洲光热资源充足,但水资源短缺,严重制约了农业的发展,连续5年对新梨7号梨园进行了覆草节水试验。结果表明:覆草能显著提高新梨7号产量和品质,5年年均增产15.2%～65.3%,节水28.8%～36.1%,土壤有机质含量增加25.6%～70.5%,速效氮、速效钾和速效磷的含量分别增加39.1～76.4、4.5～18.0和29.8～76.9mg/kg,0～30cm土层10.0mm直径总根数增加55%～122.1%。经济效益分析表明:以覆草15cm比较适宜,5年年均增产7514.3kg/hm2,纯收入达到12117.15元/hm2,节水效益达到508.55元/hm2,产投比为4.39。

The oasis area of South Xin-li No7 pear rich in light and temperature resource. But lack of water resource severely restricted the development of agriculture. To solve the problems of sustainable development of agriculture, the five-year experiment result indicated that covering pear plantation with straw was quite beneficial for 'Xin-li No7' pear grown on oasis soil. No mater what covering thickness (20 cm、15 cm、10 cm、5 cm), the yield, quality, the soil organic matter, N, P, K and the amount of roots, all could be increased. The average yield,water-saving,thecontentoforganicmatter,availableN,P,K,wereincreasedby15.2%～65.3%,28.8%～36.1%,25.6%～70.5%,39.1～76.4 mg/kg、4.5～18.0 mg/kg、29.8～76.9 mg/kg respectively. In the meantime, the root number in 0～30 cm topsoil was raised by 55%～122.1%. Considering the economic value, the suitable covering thickness was 15cm. The average yield and the water-saving effect and the net income were increased by 7 514.3 kg/hm2,508.55 yuan/hm2, 12 117.15 yuan/hm2. The value to capital investment ratio was 4.39.