人体外耳道口及鼓膜处声压值的测量与比较

Measurement of sound pressure level at outlet of external auditory canal and eardrum

目的 测量和比较稳态噪声环境下外耳道口和鼓膜处的声压值 ,观察外耳道声学效应最大的频率范围 ,为个体噪声计量仪的设计及研究环境噪声对人体的影响提供精确的数据 ,为噪声暴露声压值的校正提供参考。方法 在 5 0dBSPL稳态窄频带噪声声压下 ,分别于 0 .2 5～ 8.0 0kHz用AudioScanRM5 0 0测量 30人 ( 6 0耳 )外耳道口及鼓膜处的声压值 ,比较各个频率段外耳道口和鼓膜处声压差值的差异。结果 在相同频率段 ,不同受试者双耳之间及男女之间外耳道口的声压值小于( 0 .2± 1.8)dBSPL ,鼓膜处的声压值小于 ( 0 .6± 2 .6 )dBSPL ,差异均无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,故将相同频率段外耳道口及鼓膜处的声压值结果合并统计。在 1.5 0kHz以上频率段 (含 1.5 0kHz)外耳道口和鼓膜处的声压差值的差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。在 2 .0 0kHz处其差值最大 ,为 ( 10 .5± 3.4 )dBSPL。在0 .5 0kHz处其差值最小 ,为 ( 0 .5± 6 .2 )dBSPL。结论 对中心频率为 1.5 0kHz(含 1.5 0kHz)以上的噪声 。

Objective To evaluate the sound pressure level at outlet of external auditory canal and eardrum,and to observe the range of maximum frequency of sound effect of outlet ear canal,so as to provide exact data for designing personal noise rating instrument and studying the effect of environmental noise on human body,and to provide basis for calibration of noise sound pressure level. Method Sound pressure level at eardrum and outlet of external auditory canal in 30 young people(60 ears) were measured by Audio Scan RM500 at 50 dB SPL narrow band noise with different frequencies(0.25～8.00 kHz). Results At the same frequency,sound pressure levels at eardrum were less than(0.6±2.6)dB SPL,at outlet of outlet ear canal less than(0.2±1.8)dB SPL,there were no significant differences between both sound pressure levels( P >0.05).There were significant differences in sound pressure levels between both places at 1.50～8.00 kHz( P <0.01).The maximum difference was (10.5±3.4)dB SPL at 2.00 kHz,and the minimum was (0.5±6.2)dB SPL at 0.50 kHz. Conclusion The effects of increased sound pressure should be considered in the evaluation of environmental noise and the design for individual noise rating meter when the noise frequency was≥1.50 kHz.