1985～2000年中国青少年青春期生长长期变化趋势

The necessity for strengthening adolescent health practice:a point of view from the secular growth changes of Chinese adolescents

目的 分析近 15年中国青少年的青春期生长长期变化趋势 ,肯定成绩 ,指出存在问题 ,探讨新世纪加强我国青春期保健工作的策略和措施。 方法 通过对 1985年和 2 0 0 0年 2次全国学生体质调研资料的比较 ,剖析我国青少年近 15年来的发育增长趋势和存在问题。 结果 1985～2 0 0 0年中国城市男生每 10年身高增幅 2 .0 cm,体重增幅 3.4 kg,乡村男生 10年身高增幅 2 .7cm,体重增幅 2 .2 kg,城市女生 10年身高增幅 1.6 cm,体重增幅 2 .2 kg,乡村女生 10年身高增幅 2 .9cm,体重增幅 1.8kg;大城市、中小城市、富裕农村、中下农村身高最大增长年龄 ,男生提前幅度分别为 0 .9、 0 .7、 0 .6、 0 .4岁 ,女生分别为 0 .9、 0 .8、 0 .6、 0 .4岁 ;男生遗精年龄提前幅度分别为0 .5、 0 .4、 0 .5、 0 .2岁 ,女生月经初潮年龄提前幅度为 0 .7、 0 .5、 0 .6、 0 .2岁。 结论 我国青少年尚处于生长长期趋势早期 ,青春期突增开始、女生月经初潮和男生首次遗精的年龄提前 ,是性发育加速提前的有力证据。伴随青春期生长提前 ,我国青少年存在 4个亟待解决的问题 :生长长期变化潜力尚未充分发挥 ;营养状况出现两极分化 ;生理机能和运动素质水平停滞不前 ;学校青春期性教育相对滞后。青春期生长的不断提前趋势呼唤科学?

To explore the necessity of strengthening the adolescent health practice in this country. Methods By comparing the 1985 thand 2000 th National Surveys on Students Constitution and Health,to analyze the growth changes of the Chinese adolescents,as well as the problems they are facing. Results From 1985 to 2000,Chinese urban schoolboys's height increases 2.0 cm,weight increases 3.4 kg;rural schoolboys' height increases 2.7 cm,weight increases 2.2 kg;urban schoolgirls' height increases 1.6 cm,weight increases 2.2 kg;rural schoolgirls' height increases 2.9 cm,weight increases 1.8 kg;maximum increment of age (MIA) of schoolboys in big city,middle and little city,rich village,middle and little village are 0.9,0.7,0.6 and 0.4 years of old,schoolgirls are 0.9,0.8,0.6 and 0.4 years of old;schoolboys spermarche advances 0.5,0.4,0.5 and 0.2 years of old,schoolgirls' menarche advances 0.7,0.5,0.6 and 0.2 years of old. Conclusion The rapid advanced sex development of Chinese adolescents asks for the scientific sex education.The author also gives some suggestions on the contents,educational strategies and methods for performing the sex and reproductive education in the school setting.