儿童意外伤害的倾向性与气质关系的探讨

Discussion on the relationship between accident proneness and temperament in Children.

【目的】 研究事故倾向性与气质的关系 ,探讨意外伤害儿童的内部特征。 【方法】 在江苏省的城市和农村共抽取 4个地区约 3 5 0 0 0名 0～ 14岁儿童 ,采用“江苏省 0～ 14岁儿童伤害调查问卷”对其进行定期监测 ,符合伤害标准的做伤害调查 ,为期 1年。对 1年受伤≥ 3次的 69名儿童作为事故倾向组 ,按照 1∶1配对病例对照进行儿童气质问卷调查。 【结果】 事故倾向组中麻烦型和中间近麻烦型的气质类型占 3 1.9% ,对照组占 7.3 % ,差异显著。麻烦型和中间近麻烦型气质的儿童有事故倾向性 ,相对危险度增加 5 .99倍 ,而平易型和中间近平易型气质的儿童事故倾向性风险减少 3 7% ,缓慢发动型气质与事故倾向性无显著关系。在 9个气质维度中 ,活动水平与事故倾向性有显著关系 ,即活动水平高的儿童有事故倾向性。 【结论】 意外伤害的不等倾向性与儿童气质特征密切相关 ,为意外伤害的高危人群筛查提供了方法 。

In order to study the relationship between accident proneness and temperament, and discuss inner characteristics of child unintentional injury. Children aged 0～14 were monitored regularly about 35 000 in 4 areas drew in Jiangsu province for one year. 69 children whose injuries were 3 times and more in the year were taken as accident proneness group, and 1∶1 matched case control study was conducted. The temperament questionnaire was measured to them. The difficult and middle high children in accident proneness group were taken up 31.9%, and 7.3% in the controlled group. There was a significant difference between two groups. The children with the temperament of difficult and middle high had accident proneness, and OR increased 5.99 times in them. The children with the temperament of easy and middle low dropped risk of accident proneness by 37%. There was no difference between the two groups with slow to warm up child. Activity level, which was only a factor in 9 dimensionality, had significant with accident proneness. [Conclusions] The differ proneness of child unintentional injury had a close relationship with the temperament type, which provided a method for screening higher risk children. The prevention to child unintentional injury may add to administration on temperament type and dimensionality.