2～3岁儿童语言发育迟缓筛查标准的建立

Construction of screening criteria of language development delays in 2 to 3 year old children.

【目的】 掌握 2～ 3岁儿童正常的词汇和语法发展规律 ,初步拟定儿童语言发育迟缓的筛查标准。 【方法】 以 713名 2 4～ 47月的儿童为研究对象 ,由父母报告小儿能自发表达的词汇、助词和表达结构量 ,按正常人群词汇和结构表达量的第 5和第 10百分位界定语言发育迟缓和语言发育迟缓可能。 【结果】 2 4～ 2 5个月儿童词汇量的第 5和第 10百分位分别为 3 0和 5 0个词汇 ,3 0～ 3 5个月的男童结构表达量的第 5和第 10百分位分别为 3 .3和5 .9个 ,女童分别为 5 .9和 8.2个。 【结论】 2～ 3岁儿童语言发育迟缓的筛查标准为 :2 4个月词汇量少于 3 0 ,3 0个月男童结构表达量少于 3个 ,3 0个月女童结构表达量少于 5个。 2～ 3岁儿童语言发育迟缓可能的筛查标准为 :2 4个月词汇量少于 5 0 ,3 0个月男童结构表达量少于 5个 ,3 0个月女童结构表达量少于 8个。

To document key aspects of spoken language development in 2 to 3 year old children that may assist in the construction of screening tools to identify children with significant language development delays. The study population consisted of a cross sectional convenience sample of 713 children, ages 24～47 months old. Parents were asked to complete detailed questionnaires about their child’s emerging language skills in the areas of vocabulary development and use of particles and phrases. The expressive language skill below the fifth and tenth percentiles of normal children was recognised as language development delays and borderline language development respectively. The fifth and tenth percentiles of spontaneous expressive vocabulary at 24 to 25 months were 30 and 50 words respectively. The fifth and tenth percentile of number of particles and phrases children could express spontaneously at 30 months was 3.3 and 5.9 for boys, and for girls was 5.9 and 8.2. [Conclusions] The screening criteria to identify children with language development delays should include spontaneous use of fewer than 30 words at 24 months of age, and fewer than 3 expressive phrases in boys or fewer than 5 phrases in girls at 30 months of age. Criteria for borderline language development may include a vocabulary of fewer than 50 words at 24 months and use of fewer than 5 expressive phrases in boys or fewer than 8 expressive phrases in girls at 30 months.