中华山蝠的昼夜活动节律与光照等环境因子的关系

Relationship between Environmental Factors and Activity Rhythm of Nyctalus velutinus

借助于超声波接收器 ,采用定点、非定点观察、昼夜连续观察的方法 ,并结合标志重捕、拍照、录像等方法 ,对四川师范学院校舍的中华山蝠活动节律进行研究。中华山蝠属晨昏性动物 ,有两次活动高潮 ,傍晚 1 9:0 0～ 2 1 :0 0时 ,凌晨 3 :0 0～ 5 :0 0时左右。白天在栖息处休息 ,光照、温度、湿度、天气等环境因子对其活动均有影响。晴天傍晚一般当上空照度减弱到 60 0lx以下时开始外出觅食。出巢个体数(y)与照度 (X)负相关显著 (P <0 0 1 )。回归方程为 :Y =5 3 3 1 -0 2 3 5 9X(X =5 0lx,Y =lny)。中华山蝠外出活动的温度下限为 1 4℃。不同月份日平均飞出蝠数与傍晚平均气温呈极显著的正相关关系 (P <0 0 1 )。

Nyctalus velutinus went hunting for food during the evening and early morning. In the daylight, they stayed in their habitats. Environmental factors such as light intensity, air temperature and relative humidity influenced N.velutinus' activity rhythm. They usually went out for food when light intensity fell down to 600 lx or so. The correlation was found significant between number (y) of N.velutinus flying and light intensity (X) in the evening. The regression equation was: Y5 331-0.235?9X(X50 lx, Ylny, r-0.899?7,P<0.01). The lowest air temperature at which N.velutinus went out was 14℃. The correlation between the average number of species flying and the average temperature in the evening in each month was also significant(P<0.01). Not only light intensity, air temperature and relative humidity but also food and other factors had effects on this species. With the change of factors during a year, N.velutinus formed their activity rhythm,hibernation, pregnancy, parturition, coalition, hibernation.