提高圈养大熊猫仔兽存活率的研究

Study on Improving Survival Rate of Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

1998～ 2 0 0 1年 ,对提高圈养大熊猫仔兽存活率进行研究 ,采用了母兽育幼、人工辅助育幼、保姆育幼、人工育幼等多种方法 ,特别是模仿大熊猫母兽的育幼行为和活动以及用人工巢进行人工育幼。人工巢制作简单 ,操作方便 ,育幼时的温度、湿度及呼吸的新鲜空气与母兽育幼环境近似 ,也便于科技人员观察、抚摩 ,促进幼仔身体活动及护理幼仔。采集母兽的初乳及常乳饲喂 ;抽取健康母兽的血液制成口服血浆 ,适量喂仔 ;用美国产的两种奶粉配制的人工奶 ,代替母兽常乳收到良好的育幼效果。在本项研究的 4年中 ,将卧龙大熊猫育幼成活率由5 4 1 6%平均提高到 90 3 2 % ,创大熊猫育幼史的最高水平 ,为大熊猫的迁地保护提供了新的应用技术和方法。

The effectiveness of four different methods of rearing captive bred infant pandas were compared. Those methods were mother-rearing, a combination of mother-rearing and hand-rearing, surrogate mother-rearing and hand-rearing. It is important in hand-rearing to imitate maternal rearing behavior and the maternal-infant environment. Artificial nests are easy to make and replace in incubators. The temperature and humidity of these nests is similar to those made by nursing female pandas, and also it is easy to provide tactile stimulation for hand-reared infant pandas. Colostrums, milk and also healthy mother′s plasma were fed to infants. Two different US-made formulas were used to replace mother′s milk. During the four years of the study, these methods increased the survival rate of infant pandas at Wolong from 54 16% to 90 32%. The methods provide a new way to conserve Giant pandas in captivity.