传染性非典型肺炎传播链案例分析

A study on transmission chain of SARS case

目的 研究 SARS传播规律及发病特点 ,为制定防制措施提供理论依据。方法 采用北京市统一的非典型肺炎个案流行病学调查表、非典型肺炎密切接触者的调查表逐一对病例和密切接触者进行调查。对出院病例进行随访。利用 SPSS11.0软件进行描述性分析。结果 首例患者 A感染 SARS后 ,引起与其有过接触的家人和医务人员 8人发病 (第二代 ) ,这些患者又引起第三代 5人发病。同与患者 A的接触情况看 ,第二代发病的患者均与患者 A有近距离密切接触。接触时间越长越容易感染。本传播链病例发病的病程 :潜伏期平均 5 d;发病到首诊时间平均 3d;首诊到确诊时间平均 10 d。结论 SARS传播为近距离飞沫传播 ,密切接触者发病与接触时间有关 ,发病到首诊的时间对控制传染源有意义。

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of SARS to provide evidence for making prevention measures. Methods All the cases of SARS and intimate contacters in Huairou in Beijing were investigated by using standardized questionnaire for SARS case and questionnaire for intimate contacter. All the data were analyzed by SPSS11.0. Results Among 28 people who contacted with the first case of SARS, 8 family members and health staff were infected and became the second generation cases of this transmission chain; among 21 people who contacted with the second generation cases intimately, 5 were infected and became the third generation cases of this transmission chain. All the second generation cases had direct or intimate contacted with the first case. The longer the contact time was, the easier to be infected. The average latent period was 5 days. Duration between symptoms appearence and first seeing doctors was 3 days, while duration between the first seeing doctors and diagnosis was 10 days in this transmission chain. Conclusions SARS could be transmitted by close contact, such as infectious air droplets. The incidence was related to contact time, but not related to age. Duration between symptoms appearance and first seeing doctors was very important for controlling SARS spread.