芜湖市儿童血铅水平及其影响因素

Blood lead level of children and influence factors of lead pollution in Wuhu

目的 调查芜湖市 3～ 5 a儿童血铅水平 ,研究儿童血铅污染影响因素 ,为科学预防提供依据。方法 在三个市区、一个工业区和一个郊区的五所幼儿园 ,随机抽取 30 0名儿童进行调查 ,并采集静脉血 ,共获得有效问卷和血样 2 96份。采用微波消解电感耦合等离子质谱法测定血铅。采用 SPSS统计软件进行分析。结果 儿童血铅总体均值为 78.5μg/ L ,<5 0μg/ L的占 8.8%,≥ 10 0μg/ L占 18.6 %,在 5 0～ 10 0μg/ L之间的占 72 .6 %,其中石城幼儿园有 41.1%的儿童血铅≥ 10 0μg/ L。五所幼儿园中儿童血铅均值差异有显著性 ,最高为 92 .2 3μg/ L ,最低为 5 6 .0 1μg/ L。男童血铅均值为 82 .30μg/ L ,较女童 74.2 1μg/ L高。结论 芜湖市儿童血铅均值在全国属于中等水平 ,但居住在工业区、市中心和交通干道的儿童血铅较其它地区高。

Objective To investigate the blood lead level of 3～5 years old children and influence factors of lead pollution in Wuhu, provide evidence for scientific prevention. Methods 296 blood samples from children in 5 kindergartens (located in three urban areas, a industrial area and a suburb area) in Wuhu were collected. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) waire employed to determine blood lead level after microwave digestion for sample preparation and questionnaire survey was also performed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results Mean blood lead level was 78.5μg/L among 3～5 years old children in Wuhu. The blood lead level of 8.8% children was lower than 50 μg/L and that of 18.6% children was equal or more than 100 μg/L. The blood lead level of 41.1% children in Shi Cheng kindergarten was equal or more than 100 μg/L. Mean blood lead level in 5 kindergartens ( 92.23 μg/L～ 56.01 μg/L). Meanblood lead of boys ( 82.30 μg/L) was higher than that of girls ( 74.21 μg/L). Conclusions There was a significant difference on mean blood lead level of children in Wuhu was middle level in China. The mean blood lead level of children in industrial area, city center and traffic main line were higher than that of else areas.