一起麻疹疫情的流行病学调查分析

Retrospective Epidemiological Analysis of a Measles Epidemic

20 0 1年 12月 2 0日～ 2 0 0 2年 4月 6日 ,广西壮族自治区苍梧县石桥镇发生一起经血清学检验证实的麻疹疫情。全镇 77% (10 / 13)的村受波及 ,发病 5 72例 ,罹患率 11 1‰。病例年龄最小 2月龄 ,最大 15岁 ,1～ 7岁占74 83%。病例中无麻疹疫苗 (MV)接种史的占 6 5 0 % ,MV接种史不详的占 14 7%。调查两个村 1997～ 2 0 0 1年出生儿童漏卡漏种率为 5 2 4 % ,1～ 5岁儿童MV有效接种率为 35 %～ 5 0 %。镇卫生院接到疫情报告后 ,既不上报疫情 ,也不采取控制措施 ,致使疫情持续 10 8d ,形成麻疹的自然流行状态。

A measles epidemic occurred in Shiqiao township, Cangwu county, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region, for 108 days during December 20, 2001 through April 6, 2002. It covered 10 of total 13 administrative villages in the township, reporting 572 cases with an attack rate of 11 1%. The youngest age of the cases was 2 months old and the oldest was 15 years old, age of 1～7 years accounted for 74 83%. 65 0% of the cases had no measles virus vaccination history,while 14 7% of the cases were not quite clear. In two villages investigated, 52 4% of the newborns in 1997～2001 were not registered for cards or not vaccinated, the effective measles virus vaccination rate in 1-5 year old children was 35%-50%. The township clinic after receiving the measles epidemic report, neither informed the higher level unit of the epidemic situation, nor took any control measures, thus causing a typical natural measles epidemic which prolonged for 108 days.