我国北方半干旱地区两种防寒抗冻措施的麦田小气候效应

Microclimatic Effects of Different Management Practices in Winter Wheat in the Semi-arid Areas of Northern China

研究了沟播和覆膜穴播两种防寒抗冻措施的麦田小气候效应。越冬开始到第2年4月,覆膜穴播和沟播可使距地表3cm处日最低土温的平均值较平播分别高1.5℃和0.6～0.7℃,返青期间干土层厚度分别较平播少0.4cm和0.2cm;覆膜穴播因有膜覆盖能降低风速,具有一定的防风效应;南北行向沟播可减小风速0.79m/s,东西行向沟潘可减小风速0.94m/s。这些栽培措施的小气候效应有利于小麦冬前壮苗和越冬返青,冬前及各后苗情较好,返青茎成活率覆膜穴播和沟播分别较平播高37.9和11.3个百分点,实际产量分别较平播高128kg/(667m^2)和118.5kg/(667m^2),成熟期均提前8d。

A field study was conducted to evaluate microclimatic effects of furrow drilling and bunch sowing mulched with plastic film during winter of 1997 - 1998. The results indicated that the average 3cm minimum soil temperature during overwintering was higher 1.5℃ by furrow drilling and 0.6- 0.7℃ by bunch sowing mulched with plastic film than traditional practice respectively. The depth of dry soil during green period was lower 0.4cm by furrow drilling and 0.2cm and by bunch sowing mulched with plastic film than traditional practice respectively. Bunch sowing mulched with plastic film had wind resistant effect. The wind velocity was reduced by 0.79m/s in south-north-line-furrow drilling and by 0.94m/s in eas-west-line-furrow drilling. The microclimatic effects of different management practices were beneficial to growth and reviving of winter wheat. The survival percentage of winter wheat during reviving period was 37.9% higher by furrow drilling and 11. 3% higher by bunch sowing mulched with plastic film than traditional practice respectively. The yield was 128kg/(667m2) higher by furrow drilling and 118.5kg/(667m2) higher by bunch sowing mulched with plastic film than traditional practice respectively. The maturing date of both furrow drilling and bunch sowing mulched with plastic film was 8 days earlier than traditional practice.