三叉神经颅内段的血液供应

The Blood Supply of Trigeminal Nerve

目的本研究通过对三叉神经(颅内段)血供的观察,为与三叉神经相关的疾病的手术及术中止血提供临床解剖学资料。方法在手术显微镜下对20侧成人尸头标本进行三叉神经颅内段的显微解剖研究,观察其血供。结果 三叉神经(颅内段)的血供来源广泛,其中三叉神经根的血供主要来源于小脑前下动脉(占70％)、脑桥上外侧动脉(占55％)、小脑上动脉(占45％)、脑桥下外侧动脉(15％);三叉神经节的血供主要来自海绵窦下外侧动脉(占75％),当下外侧动脉不发达或缺如时,则主要来自脑膜垂体干的外侧支(占30％);眼神经近段血供主要来自海绵窦下外侧动脉后支(占55％),远段主要来自海绵窦下外侧动脉前支(占75％);上颌神经近段血供主要来自海绵窦下外侧动脉,远段来自上颌动脉的分支翼腭动脉和颞深中动脉、脑膜中动脉;下颌神经主要由颈外动脉的分支脑膜中动脉和颞深中动脉供血。结论三叉神经根的滋养动脉主要来源于基底动脉的分支,三叉神经节和其三大分支可同时接受颈内、颈外动脉分支供血,在涉及三叉神经的手术时,既要防止损伤其滋养动脉,又要考虑病灶血供来源的复杂性。

Objective To obtain more detailed anatomic information of the blood supply of trigeminal nerve, the microsurgical anatomy were performed tinder microscope about the trigeminal nerve on twenty sides of ten adult cadavic heads fixed in foramalin and infused arteries with red gelatin. Results The blood supply of the trigeminal nerve root mainly comes from pontine branches of basilar artery (BA) and from branches of internal carotid artery (ICA); Nutrient artery of Gasserian ganglion and its three branches (VI, V2, V3) mainly come from branches of ICA, BA and external carotid artery. Conclusion The blood supply of trigeminal nerve and its branches mainly come from branches of internal carotid artery, basic artery and external carotid artery. When tumor ocurred at the middle cranial fossa or caverous sinus region, its blood supply may come from ICA, BA and external carotid artery. To decrease bleeding, the external carotid artery can be ligated or embolized before operation.