10年医院感染的监测和控制

Hospital Infections: Ten Year Supervision and Control

目的 通过对医院感染综合性和目标性监测 ,控制医院感染的发生。方法 1991～ 2 0 0 1年对住院约 10万患者进行医院感染监测。结果 提供医院感染发生率、科室感染率、感染部位分布、感染漏报率等有关医院感染可靠资料 ;在综合性医院中 ,医院感染高发科室 :血液肿瘤科、高压氧科和老年病房 ,感染率波动 6 1%～ 15 6 % ;医院感染部位分布中 ,除上呼吸道感染外 ,前 3位的是下呼吸道感染 (2 7 5 %～ 4 1 1% )、尿路感染 (5 2 %～19 5 % )和手术后切口感染 (12 5 %～ 3 8% )。结论 针对可能造成医院感染的因素进行调研、采取有效措施 ,控制医院感染的发生 ;10年间 ,医院感染率和感染漏报率均有不同程度的下降 (P <0 0 5 )。

OBJECTIVE The occurrence of infectious events was controlled by the synthetical and objective supervision of hospital infections. METHODS A total of 100 000 patients were supervised for hospital infections from 1991 to 2001. RESULTS The rate of infectious occurrence in the hospital and departments, the location of the infection, and the rate of failing to report were summarized and calculated. In a general hospital, the departments with higher infectious rate were: the hematological and oncological departments, the hyperbaric-oxygen department and geriatric department. The infectious rate of them was between 6.1% and 15.6%. In terms of the location of infection, the highest rate of infection occurred at three sites: lower respiratory tract (27.5-41.1%), urine tract (5.2-19.5%) and surgical wound (12.5-3.8%), except for upper respiratory tract. CONCLUSIONS The factors maybe conducting the hospital infection were investigated, and the measures were taken to control the occurrence of infectious events. As a result, the infectious rate and the rate of failing to report infectious events declined to a different extent.