甘肃马唧山地区榆中贝母(Fritillaria yuzhongensis)的生态学特性及种子发芽规律的初步研究

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE ECOLOGICALCHARACTERISTICS AND GERMINATING LAW OF THESEEDS OF FRIT1LLARIA YUZHONGENSIS IN THEMAXIAN MOUNTAIN REGION OF GANSUP PROVINCE

榆中贝母(Fritillaria yuzhongensis)生长于马啣山的高山地带,全生育期约100 d左右,是一种生育期较短的类短命植物。在果实成熟时,种子的胚发育不全,具有后熟作用的特点,包括形态后熟和生理后热两个阶段;因此,需要一定时期的低温处理,才能完成后熟过程,以解除休眠,促使种子发芽。本试验表明:榆中贝母完成形态后熟过程的最佳温度是7℃左右,经过100d以上的低温处理才能使原胚发育成熟,继续在7℃低温下处理70d以上,才能完成生理后熟过程。榆中贝母种子休眠时间长,需要经过170d以上的低温处理,种子才能萌发。本试验结果为榆中贝母种子的萌发提出了适宜的温度范围和低温处理时间,为提高种子的出苗率和缩短栽培年限提供了科学依据。

Fritillaria Yuzhongensis is a analogous short-lived plant which grows in the mountain region of Maxian mountain has a life period of about 100 days.The saed embryoes of mature fruits are hypoplastic with after-ripening characteristics, including both phases of morphological after-ripening and physiological after-ripening. Therefore, the seads treated at a given low-temperature can only complete after-ripening and be removed from dormancy. This study shows that the optimum temperature for fulfilling morphological after-ripening is about 7℃,Under an over 100 days treatment at 7℃ the embryoes can develop to mature,Under a further over 70 days treatment at 7℃ the sead can accomp lish physiological after-ripening. This plant has a long period of sead dormancy and its seeds require an over 170 days treatment at alow temperature to germinate. This study provides a suitable range of temperature and a duration of low-temperature treatment for the s.ud germination of Fritillaria yuzhongensis, and provides the scientific basis for increasing the germinating rate of the seed and shortening the cultivating days.