从认知语言学看名词临时作量词的语义演变规律

From the angle of cognitive linguistics, to explore the laws of semantic changes of nouns when temporarily employed to show quantity

本文以先秦至明清时期具体的语言事实为基础，从语义方面对名词临时作量词现象进行了全面、深入地考察，发现名词作量词的语义演变具有规律性：1.名词临时作物量词的优先顺序为：[＋可容性][－人体器官]名词>[＋可容性][＋人体器官]名词>[＋可附性][＋人体器官]名词>[＋可附性][－人体器官]名词（“>”表示“优先”)；2.名词临时作动量词的优先顺序为：[＋工具]名词>[＋人体器官]名词。这种规律背后的动因是人类的认知观。并从认知语言学角度对其进行了一定的解释。

This paper is based on the concrete linguistic examples from Qin Dynasty to Ming and Qing Dynasty. From semantic angle, it makes an overall and deep exploration on the phenomenon of nouns' being temporarily used to show quantity globally and deeply. The laws of the plenomenon are as follows:1.The priority order of the unit nouns denoting living or inanimate things is: Compatible nouns that can't represent body organs>Compatible nouns that can represent body organs>Adherable nouns that can represent body organs>Adherable nouns that can't represent body organs.(“>'means priority)2.The priority order of the unit nouns that indicate the times of actions is: nouns that represent tools>nouns that represent body organs. The agency behind the law is the human's cognition. This paper seeks to explain the phenomenon from the angle of cognitive linguistics.