婚前避孕措施使用状况及其影响因素分析

Status and Determinants of Premarrital Contraceptive Use in Shanghai

本文对上海市7872对新婚夫妇婚前,包括结婚登记前和结婚登记至办婚礼期间(简称举办婚礼前,下同)避孕措施的使用状况作了分析。结果表明,结婚登记前和婚礼前,分别有12.3%和15.4%的夫妇有过性行为,其中分别有35.2%和23.7%的夫妇使用过避孕措施。最常使用的避孕措施为安全期、避孕套和体外排精。避孕失败率分别为33.7%和18.0%。避孕失败的最重要原因是安全期计算失误和体外排精失控。结婚登记前不使用避孕措施的主要原因是缺乏避孕知识和无法获得药具。影响夫妇在结婚登记前和婚礼前使用避孕措施的因素有:妻子的避孕知识分数、与他人谈论避孕的能力、夫妇的晚育意愿,发生性行为距结婚登记或距办婚礼的时间间隔。本文对婚前使用的避孕药具的来源及对避孕知识的了解途径也作了分析。调查表明,加强对未婚青年(包括已领取结婚证但尚未办婚礼的夫妇)避孕知识的宣教和避孕药具的发放是必要的。

The status and the determinants of contraceptive use either before registration or before wedding were analyzed, using data from the survey of 7,872 newly-married couples, who got the marriage licenses in the districts of Shanghai, during Aug 1987～Aug. 1988. The results showed that 12.3% and 15.4% of couples had had sexual behavior before marriage registration and before wedding (i.e during the time period from marriage registration to wedding) respectively, with 33.7% and 18.0% of users having contraceptive failure. The most commonly used first contraceptive methods were rhythm, condom and withdra-wl. The most important reasons for contraceptive failure were calculating rhythm incorrectly and too late withdrawl. The main ways for getting and knowing contraceptive methods were also analyzed. The factors affecting contraceptive use either before registration or before wedding were wife's contraceptive knowledge score, wife's ability of discussing contraception with other persons, couplets intended waiting for time of conception, the time period from starting sexual behavior to marriage registration or to wedding. The survey indicates that it is necessary to strengthen the education of contraceptive knowledge and give contraceptive to the premarital young and the couples who have taken out marriage licenses but not yet held wedding ceremony.