天津地区果蔬农药施用与残留状况及控制对策

Studies on use and residue levels of pesticides in fruit and vegetable in Tianjin Area and its control measures

目的 调查天津地区在水果和蔬菜上施用的农药种类 ,针对性地开展残留水平调查及消除方法的研究。方法 在天津主要的果蔬种植区对农民进行问卷调查 ;采用毛细管色谱柱法检测四季果蔬中的农药残留量 ;以沸水焯洗、0 15 %与 0 30 %洗涤灵浸泡、清水浸泡、去皮和去根等方法处理果蔬 ,比较其对果蔬中农药残留的消除率。结果 天津地区果蔬上施用高毒农药的违法施用率高达 6 5 0 0 % ;其中第二季度蔬菜中高毒农药的检出率竟达 31 6 0 % ;沸水焯洗可消除叶类蔬菜中80 0 0 %以上的农残 ;去皮、去根及 0 15 %与 0 30 %洗涤灵浸泡可消除果蔬中 5 0 0 0 %的农残量。结论 应加强对农药施用的监督与宣教 ,推广正确的果蔬洗消方法 ,以减少农药残留对人类健康的危害。

Objective To investigate pesticide abuse on fruits and vegetables in Tianjin Area, to detect pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, to study the methods for reducing pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. Methods (1) A questionnaire on the pesticide application during growing fruit and vegetable was administered to 185 farmers in Tianjin Area.(2) According to the information from the questionnaire survey, fruit and vegetable samples were collected in four seasons around the year and measured for organophosphorus pesticide residues by gaschromatography.(3) Fruit and vegetable samples contained pesticide residue were treated by scald, immersion in 0.15% and 0.30% detergent solution, immersion in pure water, peeling and cutting root and pesticide residues were measured before and after the treatment.Results The percentage of pesticide abuse in growing fruit and vegetable was 65.00% in Tianjin area, and 31.60% of the fruits and vegetable samples collected in summer were positive for high toxic organophosphorus pesticides.Significant decrease of pesticide residue in fruit and vegetable was found by scald, immersion in 0.15% and 0.30% detergent solution, as well as peeling and cutting root, and over 80.00% pesticide residue in the samples could be reduced by scald.Conclusions It is necessary to strengthen pesticide abuse control and market surveillance and inspection, in order to reduce the harmful effects of pesticide residue in fruit and vegetables to human health.