试论医学职业暴露及其安全防护对策

Occupational exposure of medicine and safety protection measures

本文就非典型肺炎流行中医务人员感染现象,介绍了医学职业暴露的危害。常见的医学职业暴露危害有四大类,包括生物性危害,有乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染等;化学性危害,有抗肿瘤药物、清洁剂及消毒剂、麻醉剂、粉尘等;物理性危害有辐射、锐器伤、负重伤、强制体位等;心理性危害。并提出了安全防范的对策建议:加强医学职业安全教育、加强高危人群和高危部位的防护、加强防护材料的供应和防护设施的完善、建立健全长效防护机制与保障体制。

With reference to medical personnel's infection during the prevalence of SARS, the paper offers some general information on the risks of occupational exposure of medicine. The commonly seen risks fall into four major categories, including biological risks, such as infection of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HTV, etc.; chemical risks, such as those from antineoplastic drugs, cleaning agents, disinfectants, narcotics, dusts; physical risks, such as radiation, injury by sharp instruments, injury from heavy burden, forced body positions, etc.; and psychological risks. The paper also puts forward some proposals for safety protection: intensifying training in occupational safety of medicine, reinforcing the protection of high-risk groups of people and high-risk body parts, augmenting the supply of protective materials and the improvement of protective facilities, and setting up and perfecting long-acting protection and supply mechanisms.